Background
Depression in old age is associated with an increased mortality risk of cardiovascular disease but the mortality risk from non-cardiovascular causes is disputed.
Objective
To investigate the effect of depression on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in old age.
Methods
We prospectively followed 500 subjects from age 85 years onwards within the population-based Leiden 85-plus Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed annually with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Mortality risks were estimated in a Cox proportional-hazards model with the annual assessment of depression (GDS-15> or =4 points) as a time-dependent covariate.
Results
During 1654 person-years of follow-up (mean per person, 3.2 years), depression was associated with a two-fold increase of all cause mortality [Relative Risk (RR), 1.83; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.24-2.69] that was not explained by comorbid conditions. Both cardiovascular mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality contributed equally to the excess mortality (RR 1.95 and 1.75 respectively).
Conclusion
Depression in old age contributes to an increase of both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. Motivational depletion may play an important role in the increased mortality in elderly with depression.
Overview publication
Title | Does depression in old age increase only cardiovascular mortality? The Leiden 85-plus Study. |
Date | September 1st, 2004 |
Issue name | International journal of geriatric psychiatry |
Issue number | v19.9:852-7 |
DOI | 10.1002/gps.1169 |
PubMed | 15352142 |
Authors | |
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